which從句（怎么判斷which引導(dǎo)什么從句）

【資料圖】

定語(yǔ)從句解題思路和近五年的高考真題

定語(yǔ)從句是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中較難理解和掌握的部分，在文章里，它有一百?gòu)埫婵鬃屛覀儊G分。但實(shí)際上定語(yǔ)從句并不復(fù)雜，只要掌握了其內(nèi)在邏輯，保證你手到擒來(lái)，斬獲高分。

老師整理了定語(yǔ)從句解題思路和近五年的高考真題，希望幫助同學(xué)們?cè)诟呖记暗氖畮滋欤タ诉@個(gè)題型。

概念

定語(yǔ)可以由形容詞、名詞、代詞、分詞、不定式以及介詞短語(yǔ)等來(lái)?yè)?dān)任，也可以由一個(gè)句子來(lái)充當(dāng)，充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)功能的句子稱為定語(yǔ)從句。

定語(yǔ)從句"三要素"

1.先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞或代詞

①指人的先行詞

②指物的先行詞

★ 先行詞還可以是前面整個(gè)句子所敘述的事情。

He has passed the driving test,whichsurprises all of us. (which替代前面所敘述的事情) 先行詞

2.關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)的詞

(1) 關(guān)系詞的作用①替代前面的先行詞（替代作用）②連接主句和定語(yǔ)從句（連接作用）③在定語(yǔ)從句中作句子成分（成分作用）(2)關(guān)系詞的分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：根據(jù)關(guān)系詞在從句中做的句子成分種類

· 關(guān)系代詞：在從句中做 主，賓，表，定（that/which/who/whom/whose/as）

· 關(guān)系副詞：在從句中作狀語(yǔ)(When/where/why)

3.定語(yǔ)從句：用來(lái)做定語(yǔ)，修飾限定先行詞的句子

定語(yǔ)從句分類

·限制性定語(yǔ)從句：對(duì)先行詞起限定修飾作用。

He is a teacher who works at our school.

·非限制性定語(yǔ)從句：對(duì)先行詞起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用(先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間有逗號(hào)隔開

Beijing,whichis the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history.比較：

He has two sons, who work in the same company. (He has only two sons.)He has two sons who work in the same company. (Perhaps he has two more sons)

定語(yǔ)從句難點(diǎn)

1.關(guān)系代詞的省略(限定性定語(yǔ)從句)

(1)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)She is the girl (whom / that)I loved before. (可以省略whom/that)(2)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)He is no longer the boy (that)he used to be. (可以省略that)(3)關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)，介詞在從句句尾時(shí)可以省略Housing price is a problem(that/which) people are interested in.比較：Housing price is a problemin whichpeople are interested.（此時(shí)只能用which且不能省略）

1.先行詞是人(that/who的區(qū)別)

(1)用that的情況

①以疑問(wèn)詞who開頭的句子中Who is the manthatis shouting there?②關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)She is not the girlthatshe used to be.③先行詞被the very, the right, the only修飾This is the very personthatwe are looking for.

(2)用who的情況

①先行詞是one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等Thosewhowant to go to the cinemawill have to wait at the gate of the school.②句子中有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,一個(gè)用了that,另外一個(gè)用whoWho is the boythatwon the gold medal?③在there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中There are many young menwhoare against him.④在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)中Tom,whois my best friend, has gone abroad to study.

3.先行詞是物(that / which的區(qū)別)

(1)用which的情況

①在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中

She lost the game,whichdepressed her greatly.

②關(guān)系詞置于介詞之后，作賓語(yǔ)

The penwith whichyou writeis Jack"s.

③先行詞是that或定語(yǔ)從句中套定語(yǔ)從句,一個(gè)關(guān)系詞用that,另一個(gè)用which.

Let me show you the novelthatI borrowed from the library which is newly open to us.

(2)用that的情況①先行詞是不定代詞如all, little, few, much,anything, everything, nothing, none, no one等She did allthatshe couldto help us.②先行詞被all, every, no, some, little, much, the only, he very, the right，the last等所修飾時(shí)This is the very bookthatI want.③先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)She described in her compositions the people and he placesthatimpressed her most.④先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)This is the best bookthatI have ever read.This is the first filmthatI"ve seensince I came here.⑤定語(yǔ)從句中套定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系詞已用which, 另外一個(gè)用thatHe built a factorywhichproduced thingsthathad never been seen before.⑥當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)詞which,另一個(gè)用thatWho is the personthatis standing at the gate?

4.as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句用法

(1)As 既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句也可以用于非限定性定句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)等。

(2) 常用于以下句型當(dāng)中：such/so….. as…. 像…..一樣 the same …. as… 和…...同樣的A computer issouseful a machineaswe can use everyday.He is notthe samemanashe was.(2)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，此時(shí)譯為"正如，像"等?？梢苑旁诰涫?，句中或句末。

As I remember, there were a net bar here.Taiwan is an inseparable part of China, as is known to all.

★the same as...和the same that...引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

This isthe samebikethatI lost yesterday. (同一事物)This isthe samebikeasI lost yesterday. （同類事物）

5.定語(yǔ)從句的解題方法

(1)判斷從句是否為定語(yǔ)從句 （先行詞，關(guān)系詞，定語(yǔ)從句）。(2)準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分(主、賓、表、定、狀)從而正確選定使用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。

關(guān)鍵詞： which從句 怎么判斷which引導(dǎo)什么從句